PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.